The Armour Research Foundation Reactor at the Illinois Institute of Technology has received recognition as a Nuclear Historic Landmark by the American Nuclear Society (ANS). This designation places it among fewer than 100 sites in the United States acknowledged for their historical significance in the field of nuclear research. Known as "the atomic furnace," this reactor was the first privately owned and operated nuclear reactor globally, marking a shift from the secretive origins of nuclear research during wartime to a pursuit of knowledge and progress.
Jeff Terry, Vice Provost for Research at Illinois Tech, reflects on the significance of this achievement: "The story of the Armour Research Foundation Reactor reflects both the optimism and the challenges of embracing new technologies. As we continue to explore the possibilities of nuclear energy today, this pioneering effort at Illinois Tech serves as a reminder of the progress made and the potential that still lies ahead."
Constructed in 1956 with the collaboration of 25 industry partners, including companies like IBM and U.S. Steel, the reactor contributed to various fields through experiments in isotope production and materials analysis. Research conducted during its 11-year operation impacted agriculture, chemistry, food safety, and medicine, with advancements in areas such as fertilizer absorption, cold sterilization, and diagnostic isotopes.
The reactor employed a unique safety design using liquid nuclear fuel, Uranium-235, dissolved in water. As Terry explains, "If the reaction ran away, the liquid would expand and the change in geometry would stop the criticality. It was a really clever design."
The reactor was in operation until 1967 and was decommissioned in the late 1970s. Its legacy continues as a model for collaborative nuclear science efforts, evidenced by the dedication ceremony at Illinois Tech's Mies Campus in Chicago.
Lisa Marshall, President of ANS, highlighted the importance of commemorating such landmarks, stating, "In places and spaces, there’s meaning. It’s very important to have these various landmarks—and even more important for us to talk about what was done there."
Illinois Tech continues to be recognized for its contributions to technology and innovation, providing students with hands-on experiences and personalized mentorship through the Elevate program.