A team of scientists at Northwestern University has introduced a new diagnostic technology for HIV that could revolutionize point-of-care testing. The technology promises faster and more cost-effective testing compared to traditional lab-based methods. This innovation leverages a nanomechanical platform utilizing cantilevers coated with antibodies for rapid, sensitive detection of HIV antigens, providing results within minutes.
This method, detailed in the journal Biosensors and Bioelectronics, uses silicon cantilevers that can be mass-produced affordably and paired with digital readouts. Integrated into a solar-powered device, the potential exists to deploy this technology in remote areas where laboratory testing is not feasible, allowing for earlier interventions.
“We hope this technology will lead to the development of new point-of-care diagnostics for HIV to improve patient health and help bring an end to this epidemic,” stated Judd F. Hultquist, a virologist and co-author of the study.
The technology also holds promise for detecting other diseases, having already demonstrated effectiveness with SARS-CoV-2 and potentially targeting diseases like measles in the future, according to the research team.
Led by Vinayak Dravid, a materials engineer, Judd F. Hultquist, and Gajendra Shekhawat, the team tackled the challenges posed by HIV's genetic diversity and its tendency to mutate, which complicates the creation of unique antibodies. Utilizing broadly cross-reactive antibodies, the test successfully demonstrated accurate detection of diverse HIV subtypes.
The team also aims to broaden diagnostic capabilities by developing tests that can simultaneously detect HIV, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C antigens, addressing the common occurrence of co-infections.
The research received support from the National Institutes of Health and the Third Coast Center for AIDS Research, with several participating researchers having financial interests in the study.