Northwestern University researchers have developed an innovative implantable device capable of monitoring fluctuating protein levels within the body in real time. This breakthrough offers potential advancements in managing and preventing both acute and chronic conditions by tracking critical proteins, such as cytokines related to inflammation.
The new device utilizes strands of DNA that adhere to proteins, release them, and then capture more proteins. This method allows for continuous sampling of various proteins over time. The concept was inspired by the natural process of fruit falling from trees, which led to a unique approach in resetting the sensors to measure real-time fluctuations.
In proof-of-concept experiments conducted on diabetic rats, the sensors accurately measured protein biomarkers associated with inflammation. Shana O. Kelley, who led the study, likened the device's function to a continuous glucose monitor: "We need to track fluctuations in order to get a full picture of what’s happening in the body."
Kelley holds several appointments at Northwestern University and serves as president of Chan Zuckerberg Biohub Chicago. She emphasized the importance of being able to observe inflammation trends continuously.
Postdoctoral fellow Hossein Zargartalebi played a crucial role in developing this technology by drawing inspiration from nature's processes. He applied an alternating potential electrode that caused DNA strands on the sensor to oscillate, effectively resetting them by detaching captured proteins.
The sensors were tested in living animals using an implantable microdevice embedded within a thin microneedle that samples fluids beneath the skin. In tests with diabetic rats, these sensors successfully tracked changes in cytokine levels under various conditions.
Looking ahead, Kelley envisions using this technology beyond measuring inflammation alone—potentially tracking other protein markers like B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) associated with heart failure: "With a continuous monitor...medications could be fine-tuned before symptoms worsen."
This research was supported by numerous institutions including National Institutes of Health and Canadian Institutes of Health Research among others.